一、美国核管会组织架构
　　NRC决策层为5人委员会，设有一名主席。但主席和另外四名委员拥有的权限是一样的。（2011年美国核管会以4:1批复AP1000标准设计文件时，当时投下唯一反对票的就是时任NRC主席的Greg Jaczko）

图1：美国NRC组织机构图

图2：美国NRC组织运作示意图

二、美国核管会的发展战略

During the upcoming planning period, the NRC will face new challenges as it continues to operate in a dynamic environment. Key factors the agency has considered in developing this plan include the following:

在即将来到的规划期，由于在动态环境下运营NRC将面临新挑战，当局在制定本规划时考虑的重要挑战如下：

To meet these challenges, the NRC must use its resources effectively and efficiently, enhance the regulatory framework as appropriate to address existing or emerging issues, and deploy effective and innovative strategies for maintaining staff competence and readiness. Even as the NRC works to address these challenges, the agency’s mission and organizational values remain unchanged. The agency will remain a strong, independent, stable, and effective regulator that places the highest priority on ensuring the safety and security of the nuclear facilities and radioactive materials it regulates.

图3：美国NRC战略框架
 

The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission licenses and regulates the Nation’s civilian use of radioactive materials to protect public health and safety, promote the common defense and security, and protect the environment.

A trusted, independent, transparent, and effective nuclear regulator

To be successful, the NRC must not only excel in carrying out its mission, but must do so in a manner that engenders the trust of the public and stakeholders. This vision is an outgrowth of the NRC operating in a manner consistent with its longstanding Principles of Good Regulation—independence, openness, efficiency, clarity, and reliability—and its organizational values (see box). These principles guide the agency—from how the NRC reaches decisions on safety, security, and environmental issues; to how the NRC performs administrative tasks; to how its employees interact with their fellow employees and other stakeholders.

By adhering to these principles and values, the NRC maintains its regulatory competence, conveys that competence to stakeholders, and promotes trust in the agency.

GOAL 1: Ensure the safe use of radioactive materials.

安全目标：防止和缓解事故并确保辐射目标

Safety Strategy 1: Enhance the NRC’s regulatory programs as appropriate using lessons learned from domestic and international operating experience and other sources.

Safety Strategy 2: Enhance the risk-informed and performance-based regulatory framework in response to advances in science and technology, policy decisions, and other factors.

Safety Strategy 3: Ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of licensing and certification activities to maintain both quality and timeliness of licensing and certification reviews.

Safety Strategy 4: Maintain effective and consistent oversight of licensee performance to drive continued licensee compliance with NRC safety requirements and license conditions.

Safety Strategy 5: Ensure the NRC’s readiness to respond to incidents and emergencies involving NRC-licensed facilities and radioactive materials and other events of domestic and international interest.

Safety Strategy 6: Ensure that nuclear facilities are constructed in accordance with approved designs and that there is an effective transition from oversight of construction to oversight of operation.

Safety Strategy 7: Ensure that the environmental and site safety regulatory infrastructure is adequate to support the issuance of new nuclear licenses.

Security Strategy 1: Ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of the regulatory framework using information gained from operating experience and external and internal assessments and in response to technology advances and changes in the threat environment.

Security Strategy 2: Maintain effective and consistent oversight of licensee performance to drive continued licensee compliance with NRC security requirements and license conditions.

Security Strategy 3: Support U.S. national security interests and nuclear nonproliferation policy objectives within NRC’s statutory mandate through cooperation with domestic and international partners.

Security Strategy 4: Ensure material control and accounting for special nuclear materials.

Security Strategy 5: Protect critical digital assets.

Security Strategy 6: Ensure timely distribution of security information to stakeholders and international partners.

Security Strategy 7: Ensure that programs for the handling and control of classified and Safeguards Information are effectively implemented at the NRC and at licensee facilities.

The NRC’s two strategic goals are the results the agency must achieve to successfully carry out its mission and are the foundation for the rest of the plan.

NRC的这两项战略目标（安全和安保）是本机构必须成功完成其使命的结果，也是规划剩余部分的基础。

Regulatory Effectiveness Strategy 1: Proactively identify, assess, understand, and resolve safety and security issues.

Regulatory Effectiveness Strategy 2: Regulate in a manner that effectively and efficiently manages known risks and threats, clearly communicates requirements, and ensures that regulations are consistently applied, are practical, and accommodate technology changes in a timely manner.

Regulatory Effectiveness Strategy 3: Integrate safety and security programs to identify and avoid unintended consequences.

Openness Strategy 1—Transparency: Make clear information about the NRC’s responsibilities and activities accessible to stakeholders.

Openness Strategy 2—Participation: Enhance interaction with the public and other stakeholders through use of social media and further enable opportunities for meaningful participation in, and mutual understanding of, NRC regulatory processes.

Openness Strategy 3—Collaboration: Promote domestic and global nuclear safety and security by creating and taking advantage of opportunities to increase collaboration and share best practices with other Federal agencies, with State, local, and Tribal governments, and with the international regulatory community.

Human Capital Strategy 1: Maintain qualified and flexible staff and close skill gaps in mission-critical occupations.

Human Capital Strategy 2: Hire the best talent to achieve a high-performing, diverse, and engaged workforce with the skills needed to carry out the NRC’s mission now and in the future and close skills gaps in mission-critical occupations.

Human Capital Strategy 3: Improve knowledge management by identifying and capturing critical knowledge from employees, transferring it to those who need it now, and making it accessible for the future.

Human Capital Strategy 4: Promote a strong NRC internal safety culture with an open, collaborative work environment.

Human Capital Strategy 5: Enhance employee learning opportunities and optimize the use of training resources from an agencywide perspective to meet the agency’s current and future critical skill needs.

Human Capital Strategy 6: Strengthen workforce diversity and inclusion.

Information Management and IT Strategy 1: Enable the NRC’s staff to easily find and use the information they need.

Information Management and IT Strategy 2: Develop a flexible technology infrastructure that provides the foundation to consistently deliver the IT solutions needed to further the agency’s objectives and strategies.

Information Management and IT Strategy 3: Improve the value of the NRC’s IT solutions by providing the right products and services when and wher needed to support the agency’s mission.

Information Management and IT Strategy 4: Improve enterprise IT planning, budgeting, and performance management to effectively manage IT resources and investments.